700 yr ~

CHAPTER I

"RISE AND FALL OF THE GREAT EMPIRES OF THE HUMANITY"

After analyzing more than 150 major Civilizations of the world; from pre history at about 9000 BC in the early Paleolithic, and even before that, to the present; It has been discovered that all of them follow a similar pattern of cyclic rise and fall. These cycles have a 700 year period for each cyclic pattern. The cycles can be subdivided into ten sequential phases which follow one another with remarkably little variation in pattern in each of these cycles.

The 700 year cycle; however, alternates between two types: "M" and "F" civilizations. Every other cycle is a "Monolithic" or "M" civilization. These "M" cycles are always relatively well known and accomplish great monumental things. The alternative cycles, between the "M" cycles, are called "Fragmentary" or "F" civilizations and are a repeating lesser shadow of the prior "M" empires. The Fragmentary civilizations frequently are not well known, even obscure, and their history is often very tedious and fragmented into minor petty kings and dynasties. Their history is frequently so fragmented into complex and petty interactions that it is difficult to understand. Thus the term fragmentary of "F" is applied to describe them.

As an example of this alternating pattern, the written history of Egypt started circa 3500 BC with a "Fragmentary" cycle which is the "Archaic period" beginning with the First Dynasty. The First Dynasty started with the unification of Egypt by King Narmer from two lesser kingdoms (Upper and Lower Egypt) into one nation. Prior to that we have only a very fragmented list of several rulers of the two separate kingdoms of upper and lower Egypt. This "archaic period" includes the Second Dynasty but ends clearly with the construction of the "Step Pyramid" of king Zoser or Thoser in the Third Dynasty by his Vizier Imhotep. Imhotep not only constructed the first major dressed stone work in history, and founded the engineering basis for all other pyramids, he wrote the world's first major medical text(later worshiped as the god of medicine), and set hieroglyphics into the formal pattern that lasted more than 3000 years. He was perhaps the first real certifiable genius in history.

The "Old Kingdom" including the 4th, 5th, and 6th dynasties followed the Archaic period circa 2800-2300 BC. This is the "M" or monolithic cycle including the major pyramid construction with the three best-known "Great Pyramids" at Giza in the 4th dynasty. This high point is followed by a first interregnum where we do not have a complete king list, let alone a coherent history of that time. The anarchy started ca. 2300 BC and lasted about 200 years.

The Middle kingdom, centered ca 2100- 1900 BC, follows the first interregnum and we know relatively little information about conditions in this "Fragmentary" period compared to the ""M" civilizations on either side of it, but we at least do have a complete king list and coherent history once more. The "New Kingdom" was founded circa 1560 BC by prince Ahmose at Thebes. This 18th dynasty, and its direct successors, the 19th and 20th, was to last till about 1000 BC. This is a glorious time, for Egypt, the peak, with the Thuthmose, Amenhotep, and the Ramside kings, and includes perhaps 75% of the well-known relics and monuments in Egypt. Following the "year of the Hyena" ca 1000 BC there was a complete social breakdown, including an invasion from the South, and Egypt being ruled by kings from Ethiopia.

The Assyrian period from ca 800-300 BC was a bad time for Egypt, the nation was under external rule for most of the time, and it is not a time well remembered by most archaeologists or historians. It is very poorly documented compared to the earlier New Kingdom. Yet there is a complete year-by-year history in this time. Things disintegrated until the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great ca 332 BC.

The next phase started out with the Ptolmaic dynasty, named for the Macedonian General Ptolmey Soter who founded a dynasty after the death of Alexander the Great ca 323 BC. Domestic home rule ended with Cleopatra (VI). From there Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire and was an integral part of that Greatest of all Empires to that date. Egypt was the "bread basket" of Rome, shipping huge quantities of wheat, and receiving in return manufactured goods. They were gypped mercilessly, and yet they prospered greatly since they did not have the burden of maintaining an Army/ Navy or have fear of external aggression. The end of prosperity came ca 400 AD since when Rome fell, and trade ceased.

In the next "F" cycle Egypt was part of the Islamic very fragmented "empire" from ca 650-1200 AD and then later part of the "M" Great Ottoman Turkish Empire from ca 1400-1800 AD. The history of the Ottoman Empire really should be better known in the West. It peaked and growth halted with the loss of the Siege of Vienna, and ended in 1913 when the last Sultan was displaced by Ataturk.

The key abstraction from all of the above in addition to the 700 year periodic rise and fall, is to note the alternation of minor and major periods, "Great""M" and relatively obscure "F" cycles. This pattern is universal, and could have been taken from the History of China, Mesopotamia, the Andean Civilizations, or India. A table below show some of these.

Thus there is a 700 year major pattern with secondary high- low alternation which extends to an overall 1400 year pattern to account for the "Monolithic" followed by "Fragmentary" cycles. This pattern is world wide, extending to all known civilizations, and can be traced beyond historical records, to a time before writing and thus history existed, into the Chalcolithic, Neolithic, Mesolithic and Paleolithic, ending ca 9000 BC. Each of the "lithic" periods has a recognized "early" and "late" phase, and the "early" corresponds to the "monolithic" pattern while the "late" corresponds to the "fragmentary" part of the overall 1400 year pattern. Thus this pattern has been reported, if not really recognized, for well over a century. The very fact that these 8 distinctions have been made is sufficient reason to class them as different periods.

Below are lists of civilizations. These are discussed to further in a CONTINUING section, and in PHASES

	3500 BC	2700 BC	2000 BC	1400 BC	700 BC	BC-AD	700 AD	1400 AD
Egypt	Archaic Period	Old Kingdom	Middle Kingdom	New Kingdom	Assyria II	Ptolmey Rome	Islam Uramatd	Ottoman Turks
Meso-potamia	Sumer I	Sumer II Ur-3	Babylon I	Babylon Kassite	Neo- Babylonian	Parthia Sasinian	Islam Abasyd	British French
China		Legendary GodKing	Hsia	Shang (Yin)	Chou	Han	Tang Sung	Ming Manchu
India	Amri- Nal	Mohenjo Daro II	Harappa II	Rana V Ghundai	Vedic- Mauryan	Andhras Satava.	Chalkyas	Mugul Peshwas
Andean (Peru)	Over sites	Huanaco Pica	Conchas Huan II	Tiawan-aku	Chavin Paracas	Nasca I Moche	Nasca II Wari	Inca Spanish
Meso America		Vera Cruz		Olmec I	Olmec II	Maya I Huastec	Maya II Mayapan	Aztec Spanish
EurAsia Misc.	Archaic Crete	Troy II	Minoan I Troy 3-5	Mino. II Hittite	Hellenic	Germanic Tribes	Kiev	Tzars

TABLE 1 A List of Selected Empires / Civilizations and the Central date of their Periods

TABLE 2 EMPIRES, CULTURES, and CIVILIZATIONS

	start	reform	end
1 Egyptian, Archaic period	-3300	-3100	-2900	D	a)1st dynasty, b 2nd dynasty
2 Egyptian, Old Kingdom	-2847	-2675	-2355	E	a)3rd-4th dynasty b) 5th-6th dynasty
3 Egyptian, Middle Kingdom	-2171		-1779	F	a)11th dynasty b)12th dynasty
4 Egyptian, New Kingdom	-1558	-1290	-1094	G	a)18th dynasty b)19-20th dynasty
5 Egyptian, Ptolmaic	- 300	- 30	(+410)	I	a)Ptolmey Soter b)Province of Rome
6 Egyptian, Islamic	+ 634	+754	+1000	J	a)Umayyads b)Abbasids
7 Ottoman Turks	+1453	+1720	+1915	K	a)Constantinople/Vienna b)Arattaturk
8 Sumerian I	-3400		-2900	D	a) At Uruk b) at Ur
9 Sumerian II	-2900	-2361	-2179	E	a) Ur,Lagash & Kish b)Sargon of Agade
10 Babylon I	-2020	-1792	-1595	F	a)Isin, Larsa, &Mari b)Hammurabi Babylon
11 Babylon II(Kassite)	-1540	-1375	-1160	G	a)Kassite Dynasty of Babylon
12 NeoBabylonian/Persian	-625	-538	-331	H	Babylon post Assyria b)Persia Macedonia
13 Parthian/Sasanian	-202	+220	+651	I	a) Parthia b) Sasania
14 Byzantine	+527	+970	+1204	J	final sack 1453 Otoman Turks
15 Hittites	-1720		-1190	G
16 Etruia	-750	-600	-282	H	a)Villanovian b)Etruscan
17 Roman	-282	+90	+410	I	a)Republicb)Imperium;SackRome 410
18 Holy Roman	+715		+1256	J
19 British	+1215	+1660	+1947	K	a)NormanBritish b)Cromwellian/Hanover
20 Austria/Prussian	+1273	+1806	+116	K
21 Assyrian I	-1736		-1050	F
22 Assyrian II	-1050		-626	G
23 Hellenic	-900		-380	H	a)Athens/Sparta b Macedonian Control
24 Kiev	+862		+1382	J	b)Khanate of Golden Hordes 1240-1395
25 Tzarist	+1462	+1589	+1917	K	a)Muscovite;(BorisGudenov) b)Romanov
26 Archaic Crete			-3200
27 Minoian I	-2000		-1750	F	a)Knosus to volcanic eruption
28 Minoian II	-1750			G
29 Japan I (mythical)	-660		+192	H
30 Japan II (undocumented)	+200		+591	I
31 Japan III	+591		+1204	J
32 Japan IV (Shoguns)	+1204	+1603	+1868	K	a)Hojo, Ashikaga; b)Tokugawa
33 China (Legendary)	-2607		-2255	E	(classical dates used)
34 China Hsia	-2255		-1766	F
35 China Shang (Yin)	-1766		-1122	G
36 China Chou	-1122		-255	H	b)Ch'in -255 to -220
37 China Han	-220	+25	+220	I	a)Earlier Han b)Later Han
38 China Tang / Sung	+612	907 960	1279	J	(Yuan of Gengis Khan 1206-1368)
39ChinaMing/Manchu Ch'ing	+1368	+1644	+1912	K
40Amri-Nal (Mohenjo Daro I)	-3200		-2900	D
41 Mohenjo Daro II	-2400		-1600	F	ended by flooding out
42 Vedic/Mauryan	-900	-322	-183	G
43 Andhras/Satavahanas	-235		+210	I
44 Chalukyas	+535		+1190	J
45 Mughul/Peshwas	+1530	+1717	+1858	K
46 Harappa I	-2900		-2600	D
47 Harappa II	-2400		-1600	E
48 Chanhu Daro I	-2900		-2500	D
49 Chanhu Daro II	-2200		-1500	E
50 Chanhu Daro III	-1500		-1000	F
51 Rana Ghundai I	-3500		-3050	D
52 Rana Ghundai II	-3050		-2000	E
53 Rana Ghundai III	-1900		-1650	F
54 Rana Ghundai IV	-1600		-1300	G
55 Andean I, Chavin	-700		-200	H
56 Andean II, Nasca I	+50		+700	I
57 Andean III, Nasca II	+900		+1250	J
58 Andean IV, Inca	+1250		+1600	J	Ended by Spanish conquest

TABLE 2 ctd. EMPIRES, CULTURES, and CIVILIZATIONS

		Start	reform	end	sequence
59	Mesa Verde I	+1		+800	I
60	Mesa Verde II	+ 800		+1260	J	(possibly to Pueblo)
61	Pueblo	+1300		+1800	K
62	Maya I	+ 10		+800	I
63	Maya II, Mayapan	+987		+1441	J
64	Teotihuacan	+206		+856	I
65	Toltec	+600		+1100	J
66	Aztec	+1100		+1600	K	b)spanish(ended) conquest
67	KoreanLegendary period	-2333		-1800	F
68	Korean Kija	-1122		-160	H
69	Korean Three Kingdoms	-57	+ 300	+660	I
70	Korean Silla/Koryu	+666	+935	+1392	J
71	Korean Yi	+1364	+1597	+1910	K
72	Cimmerian	-1600		- 800	G
73	Sythian	-700		- 300	H
74	Samatian	-250		+ 370	I
75	Tripolye B-I	-2600		-2300	E	on Pontic slopes
76	Trypolye B-II	-2300		-1950	F	on Pontic slopes
77	Ochre/Pastorial	-1800		-1350	G	on Pontic slopes
78	DenmarkMonolithicMound	-3000			D
79	Denmark Celtic	-1000		-300	H
80	Denmark II Viking	+800	+1014	+1400	J
81	Danish	+1400		+1840	K
82	Troy I	-2900		-2600	D
83	Troy II	-2600		-2200	E
84	Troy III, IV, V	-2200		-1900	F
85	Troy VI	-1900	-1600	-1200	G
86	Urbaid I, II	-4000	-3600	-3300	C
88	Uruk level 18 to level 1	-3600	-3200	-2800	D
89	Eridu Level 13-8, 7-6	-4000	-3800	-3200	C
90	Eridu levels 5 - 1	-3400		-3100	D
91	Susa levels A,B,C	-3500		-2900	D
92	Susiana	-3900		-3500	C
93	Tel Halaf	-4600		-3100	C
95	Jericho Prepottery A	-7000		-6400	PJ	Proto Sapiens Early Mesolithic
96	Jericho Prepottery B	-6400		-5500	PK	Late Mesolithhic
97	Jericho Pottery A,B	-5500	-5100	-4600	A,PL,&B	Early & Late Chalcolithic
98	Jarmo	-6500		-5500	PK	Late Mesolithic
99	M'Lefaat	-7000		-6500	PJ	Early Chalcolithic
100	Helwan	-7900		-7000	PI	Late Mesolithic second phase
101	Karim Shahir	-8100		-7000	PH,PI	Early and Late Mesolithic
102	Zarzian	-9000		-8000	PG	Late Paleolithic
103	Natufian; Eynan	-7900		-7000	PH,PI	Mesolithic
104	Siyalk I,II	-5500		-4800	A,PL,&B	Early & Late Chalcolithic
105	Siyalk III	-4800		-4000	B	Bronze
106	Hassuna Samarra	-5500		-4800	A,PL,&B	Chalolithic
107	Egypt Merimda-predynas	-4000	-3600	-3300	C
108	Catal II	-5500		-4700	A,Pl,B	Chalcolithic
109	Catal I	-6500		-5500	PK	late Neolithic
110	Hacilar	-5500		-4800	A,PL,B	Chalcolithic
111	Mersin 12-19	-4800		-3500	B,C	Chalcolithic
112	Mersin Chalolithic	-5500		-4800	A,Pl,&B
113	Mersin Neolithic	-6500		-5500	PK
114	Kizilkaya	-6500		-5500	PK
115	Serbia Starcevo I, II	-5500		-4800	A,P&B	Chalolithic
116	Serbia Starveco III	-4800		-4100	B

TABLE 2 ctd 2 EMPIRES, CULTURES, and CIVILIZATIONS

		Start	reform	end
117	Vinca	-4100		-3500	C
118	Macedonian Early Bronze	-3500		-2800	D
119	Beycesultan	-4800		-3500	B	LateChalcolithicEarlyBronze
120	Can Hasan	-4800		-3500	B
121	Mehgarth MR1 Period VI-VII	-3000		-2400	D	iPackastan above Indus Valley
122	Mehrgarh MR1 period IV-V	-3500	-3200	-3000	C	Bronze age
123	Mehrgarh MR2 period III	-4000	-3500		B	Chalcolithic & Bronze transit
124	Mehrgarh MR4 period II	-5500		-4000	A,PL&B
125	Mehrgarh MR3 period I	ca-6000			PK	Neolithic
126	Vera Cruz, Yucatany	-5600			A	hunting permanent sites
127	Vera Cruz Agrian	-4100	-2900	-2450	C	farming,domestic. hunting
128	Vera Cruz pre Olmec	-1700		-1000	G	(aug 1980 Natl Geographic)
129	Vera Cruz Olmec	-1150		- 300	H
130	Vera Cruz Huastec	- 300		+ 300	I
131	Vera Cruz el Tajin	+ 300		+1100	J
132	Spirit Cave Thailand	-10K		-9000	PF	Cultivated Plants
133	Spirit Cave	-6800		-5500	PK	Abandoned ca -5500
134	Ban Chiang(Nok Nok Tha)"C"	-3600		-3000	D	Black Pot with incised pattern
135	Ban Chiang Thailand "B"	-3000		-1700	E,F
136	Ban Chiang Thailand "A"	-1600		- 250	F,G
137	Spanish Empire	+1450	+1820	+1897	K
138	Spanish Umayyad period	+ 714		+1236	J
139	Spain under Rome,Iberia	- 200		+ 400	I
140	Phonecian	-1700		- 900	G
141	Carthage(Phonecian II)	- 900		- 200	H
142	France	+ 978	+1792	+1920	K
143	Celtic	- 900		- 200	H
144	Celtic II	- 200		+ 240	I
145	Arthurian Britian	+ 400		+1066	J
146	Polynesian I	+200		+1100	I,J
147	Polynesian II	+110O		+1850	K
148	Pre-Maya Nakbe	-630		-200	H
149	Pikillacta, Wari	200		900	I	(Pre-Inca others)
150	Clovis New World T	-11K		10K	PE	Paleolithic
151	Azilian	-10K		-9K	PF
152	Magdalenian	-14K		-10K	PE	Paleolithic
153	Solutrean	-18K		-15K	PD	Paleolithic
154	Upper Perigordian(Gravettian)	-21K		-18,K	PB	Paleolithic
155	Aurignacian	-28K		-21,K	PB
156	Lower Perig.(Chatelcession)	-35K		-21K	PA
157	Tayacian (Cromagnon)	-60K		-32K